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Trying To Explain The Clinton Victory

09 Jan 2008 10:41 am

Every time you think you know how politics works....

Consider: Hillary Clinton's own internal tracking poll projected an 11 point loss.

So her victory is more than the sum of its parts.

Here are some of those parts

** Women came home for Hillary, for some reason
** the campaign's absentee ballot program worked well
** The campaign believes that working folks had trouble voting in the caucuses;
** Clinton has always had a much deeper base of support in New Hampshire
** New Hampshire voters have already taken their independence seriously
** Barack Obama spent a month in Iowa, making an argument tailored for Iowa; he did not have the time build up the momentum in New Hampshire; the bounce was ephemeral.
** She stepped out of the bubble: she took control at her events, forcing the fire marshal to let in more voters, tearing up, giving honest answers; she’s started to warm up to her traveling press corps a bit. (A bit.)
** She took control of her campaign, writing most of her stump speech, making most of the key decisions herself
** Barack Obama’s television ads portrayed him as a god; black and white photographs with white lettering; very thematic; very arrogant, in a way – many of them featured Obama talking to voters; Clinton’s ads were more conventionally inspiring, with lots of American flags, lots of American images; not as threatening or ponderous.
** She performed well at the debate
** The tears worked; the free media was influential

And there has to be more. Maybe there was a sublimated racial conflict -- that is something that even a Clinton adviser brought up in trying to explain the day's events. The Bradley effect may be back -- although white women would appear to be the culprit, not white men, who overwhelmingly chose Obama.

Of course, the fact that women chose Clinton instead of Obama has no racial significance whatsoever. Lying to pollsters is another phenomenon, but it is hard to account for its prevalence in New Hampshire and absence in Iowa, and it's hard to account for its absence in Obama's own internal tracking polls, which are always interpreted in light of Bradley effect.

The exit polls suggest a simpler explanation: there is no reason why the Bradley effect would be present among older white women (Clinton's base) and not older white men (who voted for Obama). There is no reason unrelated to gender that would cause a demographic split like the ones shown in the exit polls, which, incidentally, turned out to be fairly accurate.

Here is my best guess: in Iowa, working class women and older women found it more difficult to caucus for a variety of reasons, professional, modal or otherwise. Voting in primaries is so much easier; it is correspondingly easier for a campaign whose voters are tougher to turn out; we've seen that young voters are ready and willing to turn

Comments (30)

You seem to interpret that victory in ways that run deep and seem to bode ill for OBama later.
Couldn't it be more specific to NH and the times ? The tears, the media backlash, the inevitability talk around Obama reminded women they rooted for her at some point ?
All that talk of primary vs caucus or race sounds so definitive to me. Maybe because I am rooting for him.

The difference between Iowa and NH is that people in Iowa had to stand in front of their neighbors and express their support. So they told the pollsters exactly what they told the neighbors.

In New Hampshire, the only time they had to say what they were going to do was with the pollster. When they got in the booth, nobody knew who they actually voted for.

Ask Harvey Gantt how that works.

Barack Obama’s television ads portrayed him as a god; black and white photographs with white lettering; very thematic; very arrogant, in a way – many of them featured Obama talking to voters; Clinton’s ads were more conventionally inspiring, with lots of American flags, lots of American images; not as threatening or ponderous.

In keeping with this theme, I found their respective speeches illustrative of their respective appeals. Obama, as usual, gave us beautiful prose and poetry. Truly elegant, uplifting stuff. Hillary talked about health insurance and tuition affordability. Obama is the candidate of our higher aspirations; Clinton is the candidate of our pocket books. I think pocket books won out. My guess is that, amidst the backdrop of the fraying economy of 2008, Hillary's is (perhaps counterintuitively) the more resonant message. It's not surprising the media wouldn't pick this up. They are, after all, quite comfortable in economic terms compared to the average Democratic primary voter.

The real mystery is why John Edwards isn't rocketing to the nomination. I chalk that up to the simple fact that he's just not a very good politician.

Obama's bounce wasn't ephemeral (at least in the context of this race), he actually performed right where the polls suggested he would, around 37%. He lost NH because nobody predicted the big Clinton bounce. Obama got his bump, Clinton just got a bigger one at the last minute.

"it is hard to account for its prevalence in New Hampshire and absence in Iowa,"

Could the public nature of the Iowa caucuses inhibit the Bradley Effect? Or, to take it further, cause a "Reverse Bradley Effect," where some voters will WANT TO BE seen voting for the black guy.

"not as threatening"

How exactly were Obama's ads threatening? You post does not make this clear.

"the fact that women chose Clinton instead of Obama has no racial significance whatsoever."

what? why, because white women are never racist? again, unclear.

Bradley effect? Not so much. Obama's number was pretty much dead-on. Edwards' number was pretty much dead-on. It's just Hillary's number that the pollsters got wrong (look at Matt Y's chart).

The Bradley effect is where you overestimate the black candidate's number because people are lying when they said they'd vote for him. That didn't happen here--Obama got the number that he was expected to get in the polls. He was well within the margin of error. The polls and Obama's final number were pretty much the same.

What they blew was Hillary's number.

So, the polls got the white candidate's number wrong. How is that the Bradley effect?

Also, there's a thousand explanations that make more sense here (the huge group of undecideds broke overwhelmingly for Hillary; the bounce didn't materialize because NH voters didn't want to close the book on the election without knowing more about Obama; NH voters like the Clintons; an East Coast machine won on the East coast while a Midwest Machine won in the midwest; etc, etc etc) than "New Hampshire white voters are lying secret racists but Iowa white voters are not." Especially given the fact that the Bradley effect has largely disappeared recently (Harold Ford's campaign).

Frankly, it reveals a lot about the prejudices of our media that this very unlikely explanation which doesn't even fit the facts on the ground is the one that jumps to mind.

The real mystery is why John Edwards isn't rocketing to the nomination. I chalk that up to the simple fact that he's just not a very good politician.

Actually, it's quite the opposite. The only reason John Edwards is able to poll strongly, despite being nearly completely shut-out of earned media and being dramatically out-spent by two opponents is because of his spectacular political skills. Candidates with southern accents always have trouble in Northeastern (particularly, New England) states -- he was probably never going to win New Hampshire, even if he'd won Iowa. His challenge now is to somehow decisively win next week's debate to get the media interested in him again. Not an impossible thing to do given his history of very strong debate performances this cycle.

Well 20% of the democratic caucus goers were ages 17to20 years old. This cannot be emphasized enough. They were kids really with nothing but a pop culture understanding of what a President actually does.

New Hampshire had a more mature turnout.

There's your difference.

Some other possibilities:

Obama had such a huge lead in the polls that some independents for whatever reason decided to vote in the GOP primary for McCain instead, assuming Obama's victory was assured.

The Clinton campaign's string of negative attacks on Obama (flip flopping on Iraq, flip flopping on single payer health care, voting present on abortion rights, not being fully vetted) created enough doubts among undecided voters or weak Obama leaners that they decided on the day of the primary not to risk voting for him.

You again leave out what appears to WOMEN as vicious press coverage of a female candidate. She is too cold, she is too weepy. She won't take questions, she is dull when she takes questions. McCain is the man when he snaps at Romney, Hillary is a vicious ball breaker if she snaps at Obama. Chris Matthews asking if Hillary was going "to strangle the young senator in his crib."
Discussion after Rush Limbaugh and Drudge about whether she is attractive enough.

I told my husband over and over that the media coverage of this race was pushing me from being an ardent Obama supporter and contributer to a Hillary supporter through no fault of Obama's.

What about independents deciding at the last minute to vote for McCain because Obama's victory seemed a foregone conclusion?

Are ground operations stupid?

Remember that all the NH bigwigs like Jean Shaheen to Kathy Sullivan were actively working for Hillary. And they all delivered big time with turning out the vote. Compared to that Obama had no established politician doing the same thing for him. In Iowa Obama had a great ground game.

One other thing, Obama needs to start talking about economy with SPECIFICS more often including in his victory/concession speeches. Economy is the number one issue for voters. As someone said it on NPR today, Obama is like poetry while Hillary is text with specifics.

My sister almost cried the other day. For women, I guess that makes her presidential material.

"Hillary is text with specifics" -Really? What are those "specifics"?

I happen to have some insight here--I'm a 45 year old woman, and I felt enormous sympathy for Hillary, even knowing how she was trying to destroy my favorite candidate, Obama.

On the other hand, my 18-year-old daughter has none. She hasn't been in the situations I have, struggling to appear strong so males won't think we're weak.

The simple truth is, Hillary got the pity vote. But that pity will dry up if she continues to go after Obama with cheap shots, like the JFK and MLK anti-comparisons. This is a woman, after all, who actively tried to prove Kennedy's election was rigged in Chicago--when she was in 8th grade.

How's that for a cheap shot? See? PIty party's over here.

I really don't think Iowa women found it tough to caucus (Marc loves to think it's hard to caucus).

Instead of being an apologist for Hillary, maybe the more obvious reality is the "True Fact"-- Iowa women didn't buy Hillary's crap, and New Hampshire women did.

Last spring I donated to and went to hear Obama speak. I was impressed with his message of hope and change. I was inspired and moved by his rhetoric.

As the year wore on and summer came, I saw the increasing hate and vitriolic comments from so called progressive and left blogs. I also watched as Chris Matthews screeched about Hillary Clinton. As a woman who came out the 60s and believes in equality for all people, not just women, the misogyny became unbearable.

I have listened and listened to both Obama and Clinton speak. I listened again last night. What I heard from Hillary Clinton are specific ideas/hopes for America as a country. What I heard from Obama is "it's all about me." I'm the one you need to come to for salvation. HIs attitude towards her "likeability" in the recent debate was appalling.

As someone who has lived through the political landscape of the past forty years, I want more than just "hope" and "change." I want specifics and I don't want a Democratic president who is willing to sell the soul of the Democratic party to the devil just to show that "we can get along."

Democrats have always stood up for those less fortunate, for the oppressed, the underdog. Lyndon Johnson gave away the White House for many decades for the civil rights act. Medicare, which is used by ALL Americans of a certain age was the first universal (socialist) healthcare program in American. HeadStart, WIC and other programs aimed at those less needy (there not all slugs you know) are programs advocated for and supported by Democrats.

If Obama believes he can unify everyone, he can go back to the Senate and get the SCHIP legislation passed over Bush's veto. That's what hope is about, that is what bringing the parties together is all about, that is what a Democrat who believes in his party principles does. But it requires doing and not just talking.

Obama had such a huge lead in the polls that some independents for whatever reason decided to vote in the GOP primary for McCain instead, assuming Obama's victory was assured.

Right, I also suspect yesterday's balmy spring-like weather had something to do with it. The ski slopes must have looked awfully enticing to a lot of natural Obama voters, especially with the "knowledge" that their votes probably weren't needed by their sure-to-win candidate.

The reason that Edwards is not doing so well is the curse of actually telling the truth about things. Obama,s support came largely from people who claim that they have not been hurt financially by the current administrations policy and even more from the children of those people.

Clinton's support came from those whose family income is less than fifty thousand a year and who state that have fallen behind because of the current administration.

Obama appeals to people who embrace change but beleive that they will not have to choose between their Lexis and BMW for it to happen. It will somehow magically happen when somehow Obama gets the forces that oppose change to suddenly embrace it.

Edwards says that the only way to accomplish this is to fight those who oppose change, because they have always had to be fought for change to occur. Those who used child labor did not suddenly agree to stop, they had to be made to stop. And that took a fight. Under F.D.R. the forces that opposed change did not willingly go along with the New Deal. They fought it every step of the way and FDR had to fight back. He did. And he won.


Clinton fits right in between the two. She knows change is necessary, but she also knows that those who oppose it are going to resist. She knows how to fight them, but she does not suggest it using the rhethoric that Edwards does, almost that of a street fighter in a revolution.

There are some things about our country that should not be changed. Clinton knows the system, So did Roosevelt. He used the system to change things. So will Clinton.

People say Obama lost to gender. Actually he lost to the white gender. NH is around 99% percent white.

What happened is that pundits didn't wait for the people to vote. Senator Obama himself told people to not believe the polls - that nothing mattered but the votes. But of course, not alot of folks were listening.

This was not a loss for Senator Obama so much as a win for the American people. As an Obama supporter, if we have to lose, I'll take a narrow defeat with an equal delegate split any day.

So if we elect Senator Clinton because the media was mean to her, and we have to listen to 4 more years of partisan backbiting as a result, how does that move America forward?

It's not just about Senator Clinton, it's about ALL OF US! The media has been mean FOREVER . . . and I have a funny feeling that they aren't gonna change. Sad that people change their vote in response to the MEDIA instead of the CANDIDATES.

Let's see. In Iowa, voters had to attend at a specific time - irrespective of job schuedules or babysitters. In NH, voters had the full day to swing by and cast their votes. Which election will working women best be able to vote in?

That's one. The second - and I cannot believe you don't place it front and center - is the malevolent press Clinton has been getting since Iowa. There has always been a hostile subtext to reporting onher campaign, but thinking she was down for the count, they media released their dogs and went after her viciously since he Tuesday tears.

My candidate preferences are Edwards, Obama, Clinton, but after the media pile on since Tuesday, I would feel as though I betrayed all women, past and future if I did not vote for her now. Not after the misogynists in the press salivated over her carcass and became orgasmic at her destruction - and not after the crass, woman-hating double standard of the coverage of her tears.

I have said before that sexism is deeper, more pervasive and harder to fight than racism. The media reaction to Iowa was a healthy reminder to all of us how close to the surface knucle-dragging misogyny still remains. If I vote for Clinton, it will be because the media has proved it necessary for women to strike back against this sort of neanderthal sexism.

Nicely put Kija. I couldn't agree more.

Betty: I really don't think Iowa women found it tough to caucus (Marc loves to think it's hard to caucus).

Instead of being an apologist for Hillary, maybe the more obvious reality is the "True Fact"-- Iowa women didn't buy Hillary's crap, and New Hampshire women did.
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So what your saying is, Hillary is selling crap while Obama's kool-aid is laced with gold? Try a hallucinogen you Obamaloonies are a trip!

you should read andrew kohut's piece about the NH primary.
i hate to break it to you all, but yes, the bradley effect is back. it's not simply a function of gauging votes for the black candidate. it's also about severly underestimating the preference of poorer, less educated voters who tend to dislike black candidates more than their affluent counterparts. of significant note: in exit polling the "last minute" voters (those who decided on the day of the primary) were pretty evenly split. clinton took a slight lead 37 to 34. those numbers don't confirm the "women voted for hillary at the last minute" thesis.

besides, do we REALLY think that the race/gender issues in the election play out like a zero sum/either-or game? has the press been slamming hillary? of course? have sexist notions hampered her campaign? probably. will there be a permanent contingent of white voters who just can't bring themselves to vote for a black man, no matter how "clean and articulate" he is? sorry, but the answer is yes.

-------------------
January 10, 2008
Op-Ed Contributor
Getting It Wrong

By ANDREW KOHUT
Washington

THE failure of the New Hampshire pre-election surveys to mirror the outcome of the Democratic race is one of the most significant miscues in modern polling history. All the published polls, including those that surveyed through Monday, had Senator Barack Obama comfortably ahead with an average margin of more than 8 percent. These same polls showed no signs that Senator Hillary Clinton might close that gap, let alone win.

While it will take time for those who conducted the New Hampshire tracking polls to undertake rigorous analyses of their surveys, a number of things are immediately apparent.

First, the problem was not a general failure of polling methodology. These same pollsters did a superb job on the Republican side. Senator John McCain won by 5.5 percent. The last wave of polls found a margin of 5.3 percent. So whatever the problem was, it was specific to Mrs. Clinton versus Mr. Obama.

Second, the inaccuracies don’t seem related to the subtleties of polling methods. The pollsters who overestimated Mr. Obama’s margin ranged from CBS and Gallup (who have the most rigorous voter screens and sampling designs, and have sterling records in presidential elections) to local and computerized polling operations, whose methods are a good deal less refined. Everyone got it wrong.

Third, the mistakes were not the result of a last-minute trend going Mrs. Clinton’s way. Yes, according to exit polls the 17 percent of voters who said they made their decision on Election Day chose Mrs. Clinton a little more than those who decided in the past two or three weeks. But the margin was very small — 39 percent of the late deciders went for Mrs. Clinton and 36 percent went for Mr. Obama. This gap is obviously too narrow to explain the wide lead for Mr. Obama that kept showing up in pre-election polls.

Fourth, some have argued that the unusually high turnout may have caused a problem for the pollsters. It’s possible, but unlikely. While participation was higher than in past New Hampshire primaries, the demographic and political profile of the vote remains largely unchanged. In particular, the mix of Democrats to independents — 54 percent to 44 percent respectively — is close to what it was in 2000, the most recent New Hampshire primary without an incumbent in the race.

To my mind all these factors deserve further study. But another possible explanation cannot be ignored — the longstanding pattern of pre-election polls overstating support for black candidates among white voters, particularly white voters who are poor.

In exploring this factor, it is useful to look closely at the nature of the constituencies for the two candidates in New Hampshire, which were divided along socio-economic lines.

Mrs. Clinton beat Mr. Obama by 12 points (47 percent to 35 percent) among those with family incomes below $50,000. By contrast, Mr. Obama beat Mrs. Clinton by five points (40 percent to 35 percent) among those earning more than $50,000.

There was an education gap, too. College graduates voted for Mr. Obama 39 percent to 34 percent; Mrs. Clinton won among those who had never attended college, 43 percent to 35 percent.

Of course these are not the only patterns in Mrs. Clinton’s support in New Hampshire. Women rallied to her (something they did not do in Iowa), while men leaned to Mr. Obama. Mrs. Clinton also got stronger support from older voters, while Mr. Obama pulled in more support among younger voters. But gender and age patterns tend not to be as confounding to pollsters as race, which to my mind was a key reason the polls got New Hampshire so wrong.

Poorer, less well-educated white people refuse surveys more often than affluent, better-educated whites. Polls generally adjust their samples for this tendency. But here’s the problem: these whites who do not respond to surveys tend to have more unfavorable views of blacks than respondents who do the interviews.

I’ve experienced this myself. In 1989, as a Gallup pollster, I overestimated the support for David Dinkins in his first race for New York City mayor against Rudolph Giuliani; Mr. Dinkins was elected, but with a two percentage point margin of victory, not the 15 I had predicted. I concluded, eventually, that I got it wrong not so much because respondents were lying to our interviewers but because poorer, less well-educated voters were less likely to agree to answer our questions. That was a decisive factor in my miscall.

Certainly, we live in a different world today. The Pew Research Center has conducted analyses of elections between candidates of different races in 2006 and found that polls now do a much better job estimating the support for black candidates than they did in the past. However, the difficulties in interviewing the poor and the less well-educated persist.

Why didn’t this problem come up in Iowa? My guess is that Mr. Obama may have posed less of a threat to white voters in Iowa because he wasn’t yet the front-runner. Caucuses are also plainly different from primaries.

In New Hampshire, the ballots are still warm, so it’s hard to pinpoint the exact cause for the primary poll flop. But given the dearth of obvious explanations, serious consideration has to be given to the difficulties that race and class present to survey methodology.

Andrew Kohut is the president of the Pew Research Center.

"My candidate preferences are Edwards, Obama, Clinton, but after the media pile on since Tuesday, I would feel as though I betrayed all women, past and future if I did not vote for her now." -Kija

-Statements like this is why most men think women are weak and vote irresponsibly.

"There has always been a hostile subtext to reporting onher campaign, but thinking she was down for the count, they media released their dogs and went after her viciously since he Tuesday tears." -Kija

-This alone tells me that Clinton isn't strong enough to handle the office of the presidency. If she can't handle the primaries without crying, how is she going to handle a possible nuclear situation with Iran or Pakistan?

"If she can't handle the primaries without crying, how is she going to handle a possible nuclear situation with Iran or Pakistan?"

Jesus, did anyone watch the video? She never cried. She never even got watery eyes. Her voice cracked slightly. If you're going to talk about the campaign, at least have the good sense to watch what you are commenting about.